Amber Foraker

Timeline Blog Project

This blog contains Chapters 2, 3 and 5 from the book.

Chapter 2- The start of better communication

Chapter 3- The successful invention of the television

Chapter 5- The creation and popularity of the world wide web

Works Cited Page

Chapter 2- Radio

Chapter 2 Radio

Radios incredible journey- Then

       

         Life would be difficult to picture without technology and entertainment. The invention of the radio is something that changed the future of communication forever. Many men in the mid and late 1800’s are credited for creating radio and taking all the way to the radio we know and love today. Before 1880 the only way to successfully communicate over long distances was the sephamore, torches or flags used by Romans and French. The

Native Americans used smoke signals (Medoff, Kaye 15).  These methods of communication took long periods of time between sending the message and receiving it. A man by the name of Samuel F.B. Morse invented the electrical telegraph, as a means of speeding up times for communication. Invented in 1835, this device used current pulses to deflect an electromagnet that produces a written code on paper (Medoff, Kaye 15). Morse eventually changed this system of communication to a series of dots and dashes, later known as Morse Code. This method was faster and efficient and Morse Code was interpreted by telegraph operators. There were still problems with the electrical telegraph and in 1876 a brilliant man invented the electrical telephony. Alexander Graham Bell discovered a new and improved method of two-way communication, and for the first time people could speak long distances to each other in real time with no decoding messages (Medoff, Kaye 16). James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz both played huge roles in the development of communication. Maxwell was a physicist who predicted signals containing information can be carried through space with no wires, and he published a paper with descriptions on radiant waves (Medoff, Kaye 17). He created a theory called Electromagnetic Theory that demonstrated electricity and light were similar and both radiated constant speed in space (Medoff, Kaye 17). Hertz was a German physicist who took Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory to a new level for communication. He proved through experiments that electromagnetic energy travelled through the air. His work paved the way for electromagnetic waves and the he has an electromagnetic frequency named after him, known as Hertz (Medoff, Kaye 17).

              Another great man credited for wireless transmission of signals is Guglielmo Marconi. In 1899 he proved radio waves can be sent and received over long distances through the English Channel. This system still used dots and dashes and people who used the telephone wanted a radio that could carry voice messages. A few years later in 1906, two Canadian electrical engineers sent the first communication transmission over radio broadcast to ships as sea in the East Coast, playing violin music and scriptures from the Bible. Reginald Fessenden and Ernst Alexanderson are considered to be the first people to successfully transmit radio signals using continuous electromagnetic waves with sound wave patterns (Medoff, Kaye 18).

                In 1900, Marconi had a competitor for radio. Lee de Forest invented a device to amplify weak radio signals and it was a wireless system (Medoff, Kaye 18). In 1918 an American inventor named Edwin Armstrong developed the superheterodyne circuit and in 1933 he discovered how FM broadcasts work (Miller,PBS.org). In the 1920’s Michigan began commercial broadcasting for WWWJ in Detroit (Miller, PBS.org). During this time, The Golden Age of television took over and radio took a step back. The Radio Act of 1927 was put into effect that formed federal regulatory body radio to organize and administrate radio for the U.S (Medoff, Kaye 26). This was used to assign certain frequencies for individual stations and designated station power levels (Medoff, Kaye 26). Fans of radio accepted this Act of 1927 thinking it would end problems with interference. The result of this was powerful stations being given desired frequencies, while stations not as powerful did not get this luxury (Medoff, Kaye 26). During this time period 5 million Americans owned a radio and gave us a concept of free entertainment and information. We got to see politicians and celebrities as well as sports heroes (Medoff, Kaye 26). But, as this age faded, developments like stereophonic broadcasting helped radio remain a pop culture force (Miller, PBS.org). Also DAB, or Digital Audio Broadcasting, began to develop for stereophonic broadcasting. DAB provided c.d. quality sound with no interference. People who listened to DAB could become watchers as well, with information such as program schedules as well as traffic and weather updates (Miller, PBS.org).

             Newspapers became less popular as radio took over. The newspapers forced the radio stations to limit the amount of newscasts, and in 1933 radio and newspapers came to an agreement and signed the Biltmore Agreement. There were 6 general rules to rules to this agreement: Only two newscasts per day with only soft news, not hard news reporting, using the Press Radio Bureau to supply networks and stations news through subscriptions as well as no news gathering operations or sponsorships of shows. Also, Radio was required to say “You can read more about it in your local newspaper.” This Biltmore Agreement did not last long at all and the International News Service and United Press started accepting radio station business for broadcasting (Medoff, Kaye 29). This agreement didn’t last long.

                Decades later came the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which stopped ownership restrictions in radio. We now have voice tracking on radio, which is a prerecording of talk and announcements for later use. Now, according to Arbitron report in 1998, over 90 % of Americans listen to the radio once a week or more (Miller, PBS.org).

The Dawn of a Digital Radio- Now

        

        In the past, radio was used to inform and entertain people and started a mass media of knowledge. In 2009 television stations switched over to digital, and slowly the radio is catching up to all the new technology. (Medoff, Kaye 33).  Radios main goal is to is to take every station with it the digital era without making the stations obsolete. A newer system, IBOC is used for radio broadcasters to use same frequencies for digital and analog broadcasting at the same time. In band, on-channel uses a higher level of quality (Medoff, Kaye 34). The two big Satellite Radio companies, XM Satellite and Sirius Satellite Radio, started becoming popular in 2002, but there were a few technical problems. Fans of satellite radio only listened until their subscription period ended, and because of this companies had to spend more money to promote and advertise their services. The term for this is churn and this is why satellite radio failed at making back profits (MEdoff, Kaye 35). Today these two Satellite Radio companies formed to create Sirius XM, and reduced cost of subscriptions as well as gave the customers more programming.

                The history of Pandora Satellite radio was interesting. Tim Westergren is the founder of Pandora ten years ago. His job was composing scores for films. In his experience he found making music for movies was different that music for personal entertainment. He tried to break down these codes into something predictable. He started to decode music by the Music Genome to bring people a better variety of music (Christopher, 2010). This led to the Music Genome Project on 2000 and is now the backbone of Pandora Radio. There are over 700,000 songs in the Genome Library and 10,000 songs are added every month by what is known as a musicologist. Their job is to rate everything based on attributes like soulfulness and rhythmic key changes in a song. Four years after the Genome Project, Westergren finally launched Pandora. It is a free internet radio service that starts with you picking a band or genre of music to create a station, and using the thumbs-up and thumbs- down buttons to get a better selection of music. It gives you the perfect music experience. The more you listen to Pandora the better your music selection will be. I have had a Pandora subscription for 5 years and I can

honestly say it’s a great service. Pandora refines your station with knowledge of your musical preference. Pandora also takes your taste of music and gives you new artists and songs you might like, opening up your musical knowledge even more. Pandora now has an I-Phone app and more people are trying the new era of the radio. Pandora claims to get 65,000 new subscribers in a 24-hour period (Christopher, 2010). The next craze will be having Pandora available in your car for streaming music as you drive. Personally I think this would be an awesome tool because I listen to Pandora everyday while I drive on my phone and it would be much more convenient and save the battery on my phone. The future technology is happening as we speak, and Satellite Radio like Pandora is part of the new era in radio. Looking back at the past it’s only a matter of time before the next radio trend will be in our speakers.

Radios Future Plans: Later

          

   

     Radio has come such a long way and will continue to do so in the future. The big problem with online radio is portability, and in the near future this won’t be a problem at all. People will figure out a way to wirelessly transmit online radio sites like Pandora and IHeartRadio in their own vehicles. Radio continues to struggle with new technology as it did in the 1950’s with television, and must find a way to connect with this fast pace technology (Medoff, Kaye 35). More internet radio stations may turn to what Sirius XM Radio does. Sirius has talk shows, sports radio, comedy skits and traffic updates (Sawers,2013). Other internet radio sites such as The Echo Nest and Spotify are finding their way into the main stream of music entertainment. The dominance of social media is a huge part of what makes these online radio sites sink or swim. People look at what friends are listening to and word of mouth spreads quickly, and the next fad of radio is here (Sawers,2013). Donham is a worker at TuneIn, a cross-platform service that allows you to search thousands of radio stations of every genre of music (Sawers,2013). He states “If you look at the progression of music formats over the recent years- moving from records to CDs to MP3s- it seems that the sound quality worsens with each audio innovation, yet people are consuming audio content more than ever before.”  (Sawers,2013). This isn’t stopping people from using all the internet radio websites as it continues to grow in popularity. Pandora has actually been activated in over 2.5 million vehicles. Media business will never disappear and radio has been in this situation to reinvent itself to make it in today’s new technology (Medoff, Kaye 36).

              Now when we think of radio its usually satellite radio services. People are buying their own equipment and making their own content online, and watch it at their convenience. Radio will always be here, but the way we think of radio will be different (Sawers, 2013). Whatever music we want to hear and whenever we want to stream online is turning out to be the popular form of musical entertainment. Radio will most likely turn into a visual experience in the future because of the screens on our devices (Sawers, 2013). The FCC is still trying to keep localism part of radio because communication is a big part of community and social media (Medoff, Kaye 35). The FCC is changing services for local programs and news by allowing satellite services to put this content on their channels. The big problem with satellite services doing this is extra money to pay for the music and also paying the record labels and the artists. (Medoff, Kaye 36). These satellite systems are causing radio to lose its localism and creates economic issues. But radio does have one thing that online music-streaming doesn’t have, which is portability. Radio in the future may make a big come back if it can reinvent itself for this streaming music generation (Medoff, Kaye 37).

Chapter 3 Television:

Television is born: Then

    
             It’s hard to believe looking back how far technology has come, especially when it comes to media entertainment. Television has come a long way considering the short amount of time it has been since its invention. Television today has many differences compared to television in the past. Although the sizes and functions of television have changed, such as pay per view, DVR and internet access, the main reason is still the same- to entertain and inform. Today we have many more channels and sleeker designs, but the invention of the television united us as a nation and as a species in general.

                Television experiments started back in the 1880's, but it wasn’t until 1927 when a 21-year-old man named Philo Farnsworth invented the first electronic television picture, and technology started to move forward (Matz,1995).  This invention caused battle against big corporations, and a man by the name of David Sarnoff found a way to market his invention to the public. David Sarnoff was part of the RCA and he is known as The Father of Television (Matz,1995). By the time the 1930’s came around, there was music, wrestling and dancing on television, though the picture itself was fuzzy because it was still in its experimental stage. Comedic writer Hal Kanter stated, “I thought they were pulling my leg when they said that one day pictures are going to be flying through the air- you’ll be able to see radio.” (Matz,1995). Television played a huge role in the development of other technology and became more popular in the late 1930’s. By the end of the 1930’s, RCA displayed their new NBC TV Studios in New York and network television was introduced. In 1939, the very first televised sports game was aired. This baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Cincinnati Reds paved the way for television entertainment (Matz,1995). In the 1940’s television was popular, and some of televisions biggest shows aired, such as Candid Camera and Howdy Doody. But due to Americas involvement in World War 2, television was put on hold and shortages forced stations to shut down. But television had a major comeback in 1947, and radio shows tried to transition to the new mass media. Shows such as The Jack Benny Program and The Shadow were popular during this time (Matz,1995).

                It was very interesting to read about the start of News Broadcasting. In 1949 in Los Angeles, a woman named Kathy Fiscus fell in a well and television anchors stayed for 27 hours to provide continuous local coverage. This live story proved that live news informed people as well as uniting them (Matz,1995). By the time the 1950’s came around, over 7 million people had television sets. People with careers in radio provided television news expansion and CBS news started airing stories from political to worldwide events with trusted newsmen (Matz,1995). In the mid 50’s a quiz show called the $64,000 question made its way to the top of the television show ratings. These quiz shows became very popular but when a man named Charles Van Doren defeated Herbert Stempel, the quiz shows big secret was revealed. People found out that they give the answers to the questions to the contestants before the show and caused big controversy for game and quiz shows in the 1950’s (Matz,1995).

                Television used up more material than radio and motion pictures ever did and it was up to workers like writers, performers and producers to come up with new material (Matz,1995). It was all about people with different backgrounds having a vision for television entertainment and coming together to make television a success.
Their goal was comedy and after The Big Freeze, film studios relaxed restrictions and headed west. In 1953, television comedy show I love Lucy made history with 44 million fans tuning in for Little Ricky’s birth (Matz,1995). The mid-fifties and early sixties switched television entertainment to filmed drama, which led to soap operas, hospital series and mystery shows. Live television was still popular, with programs like The Great Debate between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy. The assassination of John Kennedy was a tragic time for our nation. Networks suspended regular programming for four days to cover this event, which proved that the power of television is a strong thing (Matz,1995).

                The 1960’s were full of amazing live televised moments, such as Apollo 11 moon landing and the 1969 sports broadcasting shot in color. Technology also took a step forward as the VCR was invented in 1965 (Matz,1995). Many classic television shows were started in the 1960’s and racial barriers were broken in television entertainment. Shows such as Batman, The Dick Van Dyke Show, I Dream of Jeanie and The Twilight Zone were all popular shows to watch at this time (Matz,1995).

                In America, the television turned to government and politics in the 1970’s through the 1980’s, as this is called the Decade of Government Intervention. It started off with government deciding to ban smoking from television and radio. President Nixon took cameras with him to China, and America got a look at life under Maoism. It wasn’t long after the Watergate scandal that President Nixon resigned after a hearing for impeachment (Matz,1995). In 1976, the first woman co-anchor Barbara Walters joined ABC News, making television history. The start if the 1980’s brought more scandal, as Ted Turner founded CNN- Cable News Network. Turner said, “I knew that our biggest challenge would be, other than to make a good news product, is to get the cable systems to carry it. And I thought if we used the name cable in there- Cable News Network- how could a cable system not be carrying the Cable News Network?” (Matz,1995).                       After providing live coverage of the NASA Challenger Space Shuttle launch, CNN earned the industries respect. More good things awaited television and technology, as the first Macintosh commercial was played in 1984 for the Super bowl. This commercial had record-breaking cost for airtime of this televised sports game (Matz,1995). The 1980’s ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall, as the nation watched live with Tom Brokaw reporting. Yet, the 1970s-1980’s provided as much entertainment as it did politics. Popular shows such as All in the Family, Happy Days, MASH, Charlies Angels, The Love Boat, The Walton’s, Dynasty, Cheers, The Golden Girls and Married with Children (Matz,1995).

Television of the 90’s and now: Now

                Television has certainly come a long way since its invention. The 1990’s was a great de
cade for television, especially comedy. I was born in 1992 and I vaguely remember some television shows, such as Roseanne, Ren and Stimpy and X-Files. This was the decade of classic cartoons for the younger generation and technology for cartoon programs just soared from the 1990’s until today. The increase in popularity of animation on television created the channel Cartoon Network (Brawer,2009). Cartoons are still just as popular today, but it was shows like Cow and Chicken, Ren and Stimpy and Hey Arnold that started the cartoon craze. Cartoons are meant for comedy and amusement, but they also had an emotional side that connected with all viewers, not just young children. These shows taught us lessons aimed in teaching kids to manage their standing in society (Brawer,2009). Hey Arnold was a huge cartoon show and I watched this show every morning before school. The composer of this show Jim Lang quotes “We always wanted Hey Arnold to be something that parents would enjoy sitting down and watching with their kids.” (Brawer,2009) This is very true because I grew up with this show and my mom would watch it with me every day before I got on the bus for school. The end of the 1990’s changed the cartoon business, as educational standards became stricter. Shows like Family Guy and South Park are the types of cartoons and sense of humor this generation. These cartoons have more sarcasm and you can definitely tell what is appropriate for kids and what isn’t when it comes to cartoons in this generation. Cartoons always had that hint of subtle adult content but as a kid you didn’t really get it. My mother always blocked these shows when I was younger and as an adult I can see why. South Park is one of my favorite shows but it is definitely not appropriate for children and todays cartoons are so different from 1990s animation. 

              90’s cartoons will always be in style, as there is talk of bringing back 90’s Nick cartoons, such as Invader Zim, Rugrats, and Rockos Modern Life. This just proves how amazing technology and animation was just a few decades ago and animation is definitely here to stay. Just recently in television history, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was put into effect and converting digital television in broadcasting happened only years ago in 2009 (Medoff, Kaye 52). Television switched from HDTV with 525 lines of resolution to SDTV which has 1080 lines and has wider aspect ratio. Although the switch from analog to digital did not have immediate rewards financially, it now had enough room to send out multiple programs at once (Medoff, Kaye 53). Today’s television is still in its infancy stage, but the remarkable strides television has made it truly spectacular. We can now get videos online as well as social media features via broadcasting and we use this to connect to people not only here in the United States but all over the world with the touch of a button. Technology has come so far and now news stations even offer email, twitter and Facebook to get a bigger fan base and connects us all socially (Medoff, Kaye 53). Now internet and television are combined, creating the ultimate entertainment. Now we have so many options to watch shows like Netflix, Amazon and Hulu. 

               Netflix history is very interesting and has come so far in the little amount of time it has been since its invention in 1997. It was co-founded by software executives Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph for online movie rentals. Ten years later Netflix introduced streaming to their site. Now customers can watch a movie online via streaming on their personal computers. Two years later in 2009 Netflix subscribers were able to stream video on their PS3 devices and their own television set, with internet access. We now have the ability to watch streaming on Apple Devices, The Wii and other electronic devices. In 2013 Netflix won its first Prime Time Emmy Engineering Award. Just last year Netflix won 7 creative Emmy Awards for House of Cards and Orange is the New Black. Netflix is an incredible source for online video streaming with tons of variety, and now has over 50 million members globally (Netflix,2014). It doesn’t matter what background you come from or what type of genre of music or movies you like; the world of television has something out there for everyone. From drama to comedy to action adventure, there’s a program for you to enjoy. I am personally a big fan of television and I watch a variety of shows. As a younger kid I remember watching Malcolm in the Middle with my family every night. Television programs are something all families can enjoy together, and I loved having family time with my parents and sister after dinner every night. I also enjoyed shows on Shotime, such as Dexter, Nurse Jackie and Shameless. Television shows today are so much more advanced than shows in the past. More special effects and better technology in general make television such a mass media. 

                 Entertainment is such a big part of the 21^st Century. FCC rules may still be evolving, but they have definitely loosened the rules and restrictions, and because of that shows on television have evolved as well. Now internet streaming companies like Hulu and Netflix are coming out with their own original material. Netflix has shows such as House of Cards, Orange is the New Black and also Arrested Development. This proves that technology and television specifically have so much more in store for the future. As we move forward in this technological world, our use of electronic devices changes as well. There will always be something better just around the corner when it comes to technology. Now phones are sleek and slim and we can watch 3D movies right in the comfort of our own home. Television will only grow and advance more in the future.

Televisions Transforming Future- Later

                We are now part of the digital era and everything is electronic. The computer industry has started to sell equipment for computing and entertainment, such as Microsoft and Dell (Medoff, Kaye 53). Many extra stations for televisions have commercial free shows for people who are willing to pay more, and now television viewing has slowed way down. People will wait to watch a television show until it comes out on DVD just to avoid commercials, and to watch it at their convenience. This is why DVR and TiVo functions for television are so popular because you can record your shows and watch them whenever you want, and be able to fast-forward through commercials.  Personal technology in the future may allow people to purchase equipment to make their own television shows (Medoff, Kaye 54). YouTube has already paved the way for people being able to put their own content via video streaming online. The television appliances are also getting upgraded as major manufacturers are putting internet access into other devices. You can get Roku, Apple TV plus Amazon Fire in what is being called the Smart TV. Streaming devices are the future, such as Netflix because of the low price as well as no ads or commercials. Netflix can afford to do this because they do not have to pay for a cable provider (Medoff, Kaye 55). Cable will be a thing of the past, it’s just a matter of time. As more and more people switch from cable or satellite to streaming sites and features like Netflix and Amazon Prime, cable will certainly be part of our past. Streaming is the future of television and mass media entertainment. I have just basic cable at my house and get probably 5 channels, which I watch just for news and weather. When it comes to my entertainment, I use Netflix as well as Amazon Prime. Having these two stream sites is much cheaper than what I was paying for DIRECTV about 3 years ago. 

                 When I think of the future of television I personally think of the movie Gamer. It’s a movie with Gerard Butler, Michael C Hall, and Ludacris. The movie Gamer is about a man on death row with a chance to regain his freedom back by being a surrogate in a popular video game in the future. His movement is controlled by a teenager named Simon and if Kable wins 30 games he gets his life back. In one scene of the movie the teenager is in his room and its surrounded by all these screens and you can tell life in the future will be run by electronics. You can play games without a remote because it uses touch and words to function everything. Electronics will no longer be a part of our world, it will control everything we do.

This is what I believe the future will be. Right now we are in a phase where we want everything smaller and with more power and storage, but I think this is just a fad. In the future I believe technology will do a total 360 and get back to basics with big equipment and machinery. It will converge into 1 big room of ultimate entertainment. The movie Gamer is a great example of this because it is set in the future and it made me think of how far technology and entertainment has come since its start and where these are headed for the future. 

                I am sure in the next decade there will be some amazing technological advances in store for us and I am very excited to be part of an ever-growing part of our life. I’m proud to be part of the technology generation and getting to see it grow and transform into something better. Who knows the things we can accomplish as a nation in the years to come? I am ready for what lies ahead for television and technology in general because I know it’s going to be one crazy amazing ride. In ten years we will be looking back at this time at all we have accomplished and getting a chance to look even further into the ever-transforming tech savvy world we live in. 

Chapter 5 Internet

Internet in the past – Then

                The invention of the internet cannot be given to one particular person. There are many people in the past as well as today that help make internet what it is now. Internet started developing in the early 1950’s and it has accomplished so much in the short amount of time since its invention. What started the further development in internet was the Sputnik scare in 1957. This made America focus more on technology for internet instead of bigger television and better cars. After this scare school curriculum also changed, as schools added chemistry, calculus and physics to classrooms across America (A+E Network, 2010).  During this time, the government started NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ARPA (Department of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) for development of weapons and computers (A+E Network,2010). The Galactic Network was invented in 1962 by JCR Licklider and was used to enable government leaders to communicate even if our telephones were destroyed by a Soviet attack (A+E Network,2010). Three years later ARPAnet was discovered, and was used to send information from one computer to another. This system is known as packet switching and its function is to break down blocks before it goes to its destination (A+E Network,2010).  At this point in time there were only four computers connected to ARPAnet and by the end of the 70’s the Transmission Control Protocol was invented by Vinton Cerf. TCP solved the problem of packet-switches integrating into the internet, and this invention was a way for all mini-networks to communicate with each other (A+E Network,2010). This invention made the internet worldwide and in the 1990’s more technology for the internet began to develop. Tim Berners- Lee is a computer programmer in Switzerland and he created the internet that we all enjoy today. He made the internet more than just sending data back and forth. His invention made the internet a web of information that all people could access (A+E Network,2010). The internet kept developing further and further since then. Netscape was invented in 1992, but it was called Mosaic back then. Netscape is the reason why we can look at pictures and see words at the same

time as well as the scrollbars and clickable links online (A+E Network,2010). The start of using the internet for commercial purposes was put into effect the same year by Congress. Multiple types of companies made websites for their business and sold goods directly to their customers, which is known as the e-commerce entrepreneurship (A+E Network,2010). Now everyone uses social media to stay connected such as Facebook and Twitter. Online music was starting to get popular in the late 1990’s. A college student named Shawn Fanning created the online music site Napster (Medoff, Kaye 77). Napster allowed people to download music and put music online. It is illegal to share music with people that didn’t pay for their music, and in early 2000 the recording industry launched a campaign against music pirates. They sued close to 300 people and sometimes held them liable for millions of dollars in revenue. They eventually worked out settlements and started the Clean Slate Amnesty program which gave people a clean slate if they wiped their computers clean of all illegally downloaded music and never download illegally again (Medoff, Kaye 77).

          Now the internet provides you with television shows. You don't have to be at home to watch your favorite television shows because you can access them on your phone or laptop anytime at any place with internet access. This is a substitute of the television because between 18-37 % of people that use the web watch less television than before they started using the internet (Medoff, Kaye 78)

The amazing world of Internet today- Now

                The internet is a very incredible tool and is always improving. Once the 21^st century hit Africa. Nii Quanynor is a Professor that is known as Africa’s Father on Internet and this development has a big impact on Internets growth in this continent (Brown, 2012). A few years later in 2004 OPENWORLD LTD was created by Doracas Muthoni. This is software that’s involved in delivering Web and cloud applications in Africa (Brown,2012). Many other inventions happened recently, including RSS, a program that puts all information on the web in one place. Aaron Swartz is the co-creator and RSS is a tool with the intention of making information of the web freely available to everyone (Brown,2012). In 2011 internet history was made as Will and Kates wedding went viral. IT is the biggest event to ever be watched online, with over 24 million people tuning in for this occasion (Brown,2012). There are over 234 million websites online, each with multiple links (Medoff, Kaye 78). One popular tool online is email. It is still used and popular but social networks has much more users.

                Another big internet website is Youtube. This website allows people to upload their own content and videos as well as search millions of clips online. Even political figures are putting videos online like candidate speeches. As of 2006, Youtube is one of the most widely used website (Medoff, Kaye 80). Chatrooms are also very pop

ular online, but is now used mostly for tech support. Chatrooms have various topics and is real time with immediate responses with a group of people online (Medoff, Kaye 80).

                Online radio is another huge tool. The nation’s 13,000 radio stations have some sort of internet presence (Medoff, Kaye 84). This a great feature to have if you do not have a radio or do not have the signal for the station you listen to. This tool also lets you view lyrics of the song and has the ability to multitask online (Medoff, Kaye 84).

                Blogs are also very big. This is actually my first time making a blog and it was very interesting process. I actually enjoyed doing this and now I have the knowledge to make my own blog if I want to. In 2009 Blogs became extremely popular, with 133 million blogs online (Medoff, Kaye 90). The blogosphere is attracting all types of people and is becoming more diverse as time goes on. There are many different types of blogs, such as a warblog, military blog and vlogs. Vlogs are video blogs and thought of as a mini video documentary (Medoff, Kaye 91). Media executives believe blogs spread misinformation and blur fact from opinion (Medoff, Kaye, 90). Blog purists consider a blog to be a place for uninhibited public deliberation and takes every persons views into consideration (Medoff, Kaye 90). Mainstream journalists use blogs for tips and story ideas online. Blog users defend their work, saying blogs are more credible than traditional media that’s considered bias (Medoff, Kaye 90). If bloggers continue to use traditional media and provide access to commentary and various viewpoints, they will become more influential in shaping our culture and future in media entertainment (Medoff, Kaye 92)..

Internets fast-paced and always improving future- Later

                It is crazy to think of what the future might look like. There are quite a few different opinions of how people view the future of internet. Some people say that the future of internet will become part of us. It will be a part of the background in everything we do (Kolodny, 2014). We will not be thinking about going online later for something, we will just be online and just look (Kolodny,2014). Education is also another thing that could change in the future of internet. Many college courses and even high school classes offer classes online. People say that the future of education via internet will only get better over time. Hal Varian is the Chief Economist for Google and he has a good point of the internet becoming more universal. He states, “The biggest impact on the world will be universal access to all human knowledge. The smartest person in the world could well be stuck behind a plow in India or China. Enabling that person- and the millions like him or her- will have a profound impact on the development of the human race.” (Kolodny,2014).

                Another interesting view of the future of the internet is how the rapidly changing world of the internet will eventually have big consequences. People fear that individuals won’t recognize the full grasp of what they’re participating in and it will weaken our evolving technology (Kolodny,2014). A communication theorist Marshall McLuhan said, “We shape our tools and thereafter our tools shape us.”  (Kolodny,2014). This is a really good quote that makes me think about the inventions people make and how it changes our whole life to some extent. People are always ready for the next big thing and sometimes people don’t think it through and a little mistake can hurt you personally as well as the economy. The world would go into a frenzy if the internet just stopped working and it’s a little bit scary to think about this happening.

                The movie Her is a great example of how technology and internet could be in the future. The cast includes Joaquin Phoenix, Scarlett Johansson and Amy Adams.The movie is set in 2025 and is about a man who gets a divorce and is so lonely that he falls in love with his operating system (Kolodny, 2014). Some believe that global connection will lead to isolation. Technology has taken away this generation's motivation for going outside or learning from a book. It is all video games and streaming video and the term “google it” seems to be the future.

                Moving forward in internet developments, we as a nation changed from the viewers to reporters (Medoff, Kaye 92). This web-savvy generation enjoys being part of the action and interacting online (Medoff, Kaye 92). News travels faster online and is replacing television news Huge events such as the death of Michael Jackson was online news before major news outlets got to the scene (Medoff,Kaye 92). History has taught us that technology will always keep improving. Laptops replaced desktop computers and cell phones and tablets replaced the laptop (Medoff, Kaye 93). When internet was discovered the television and radio business suffered, and it looks like internet is definitely here to stay. The future is bright for internet and is always expanding and making the next best thing.

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